Which respiratory conditions are classified as COPD?

The classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are the two main conditions recognized under this umbrella term. These conditions are characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to the structural changes in the lungs.

Emphysema involves the destruction of the alveoli, leading to reduced elastic recoil and impaired gas exchange, while chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, resulting in increased mucus production and a persistent cough. Together, these conditions contribute to the overall pulmonary dysfunction seen in COPD patients.

Option C suggests that COPD encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses, which is a broader interpretation. While it is crucial to understand that COPD is fundamentally defined by the first two conditions, the inclusion of "respiratory illnesses" in this option could imply a recognition of various related respiratory disorders that may coexist with or exacerbate COPD, although they are not classified as COPD themselves.

This understanding highlights the complex nature of respiratory health, where multiple conditions may impact a patient's overall pulmonary status and should be monitored in the context of managing COPD.